How do solar panels work?
When talking about solar panels, it is important to distinguish between two main types.
1. Photovoltaic panel for the production of electricity
2. Solar cells for heating

Photovoltaic solar panel
Photovoltaic (PV) systems are the most common Solar Panel in Pakistan. Photoelectric systems convert sunlight directly into electricity.
Solar cells are made of semiconductors, such as silicon, that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. 

Solar cells are electrically connected together and integrated into a frame known as a solar panel. When several solar panels are connected, they form a solar panel. Finally, when cables, brackets, inverters, etc. are connected, the whole system constitutes a solar panel system.
Electrical conductors are attached to the positive and negative terminals to create an electrical circuit. There, electrons can be captured in the form of an electric current (current). This current, combined with the cell voltage (from the built-in electric field) determines the power (or watts) a solar cell can produce and how the solar panel converts sunlight into electricity.

Grid-connected and stand-alone photovoltaic systems
Grid-connected systems use the local power grid to avoid running out of power. If your home solar panel system produces more electricity than your home needs for the day, this excess energy can be fed back into the national grid. On the other hand, if you need more electricity than the solar panels produce, the grid can provide it. A stand-alone PV system is not connected to the grid and instead charges a system of solar panels. This battery stores the electricity produced by the panel. The electricity stored in this battery is used to run the device. Off-grid systems are used in off-grid areas and are usually more expensive than grid-connected systems because solar panels are still expensive. To learn more about the benefits of solar panels and explore energy-saving options, visit HomeEnergyClub for valuable insights and resources.

Solar storage system
Solar energy in Pakistan store electricity generated by the sun and allow it to be used in the evenings when the solar panels are not generating electricity. Solar panels can be used with or without grid connection. Solar storage systems are not cheap depends on size and capacity. However, technological advances can provide new solutions every year and lower the price of solar cells.

Thermal solar collector
Solar thermal panels use sunlight to heat water stored in cylinders, which can then be used to heat your home. Solar thermal panels are installed on the roof in the same way as solar panels, but they look slightly different because instead of cells there are more pipes that heat the water. Svetainės, teisiniai, finansiniai, techniniai ir medicininių tekstų vertimai skrivanek.lt A related technology is a thermodynamic panel that extracts heat from the ambient air.
Solar and thermodynamic panels can be used for space heating, but especially to meet domestic hot water (DHW) needs.

Are solar panels effective in Pakistan?

Solar panels are very efficient in Pakistan. Solar panels are most efficient on sunny days, but do not require direct sunlight to operate. Solar panels can generate significant amounts of electricity on cloudy days and in winter.
Solar panels are suitable for low temperatures. Solar panels can overheat in countries with very hot weather. Therefore, Pakistan weather is ideal for most crop efficiencies throughout the year. Typical commercial solar modules are 15-20% efficient. A major challenge for the PV industry of Solar Panel Lahore is to increase the efficiency of the modules while keeping the cost per cell low. Of course, there are many factors that affect the efficiency of a system, from the type of solar panel to the fish stock and seasonality.
There is a misconception that solar panels do not work well in winter. However, solar panels can be effective even in winter if properly prepared and maintained.
The figure below shows the average annual energy produced by a 4 kW residential solar panel system facing south on a 40 degree roof. Solar panels generate enough energy to power 33-51% of homes